Sexually transmitted infection (STDs) vulnerable group of disease or infection whose predominant mode of transmission is through sexual intercourse
Stds makes one more vulnerable to HIV infection e.g. gonorrhea and genital herpes thus early treatment to aspect of HIV infection.
When one is infected by STDs he/ she depict the following symptoms
- Urethral discharge
- Virginal discharge
- Genital ulcers
- Long abdominal pain
- Eye infection in new born
- Swelling of scrotum
Examples of STDs
Gonorrhea
Causative agent
Neisseria gonococcus
Signs
- Burning when passing urine
- Discharge of pus through the urethra of the virginal or sore growth incase of oral sex,
Complication and treatment
- Damage of fallopian duct in female and epididymis in male leading to sterility
- Inflammation of joint, liver, heart and peritoneum may occur.
Treatment By use of effective antibiotic as the organism is resistant to several times. Noflocin is a useful anti biotic.
SYPHILIS
Bacterium Treponema palladium
Signs and symptoms
- Sore in the genitalia and body rush
- After some years it damages the heart aorta and the brain leading to a condition known as paralysis of the insane.
Complication and treatment
Can cause re-current miscarriage, heart problems and brain damage
Easily failed with infection of penicillin or cephalosporin’s
LYMPOGRANULOMA
Causative agent – Chlamydia
Signs and symptoms
- Swelling and ulceration of lymph nods in the grain
Complication
Narrowing of rectum and destruction of urethra
Treatment
Tetracycline’s
TRICHOMONIASIS
Causative agent- protozoa dichotomous virginals
Signs and symptoms
- Burning in the virginal and urethra
- Greenish – yellow discharge
Complication and treatment
Treated with fasigyn (tinidazolepessarics) or cream
Candidiasis
Causative agent – a fungus called Candida albicans
Signs and symptoms
- Burning in the virginal and the urethra
- White thick discharge sometimes tiredness with blood.
Complication and treatment
May lead to pre cancer condition of the neck and womb (cervix cancer)
Treated with anti fungal passure or cream e.g. doctrimazole.
GENITAL Herpes.
Causative agent
Herpes simplex agent
Signs and symptoms
Painful vascular rushes in the genitals
Complication and treatment
- Figia damage unborn baby eventually treating to death.
- Cancer of the neck of the womb no nearly the effective treatment.
- Acyclorin may be harmful.
HEPATITIS
Causative agent
Hepatitis ‘B’ virus
Signs and symptoms
- Yellow less of eyes (juridical ) due to liver damage
- Pain around right upper abdomen
- Lead to cancer of the liver.
Complication and treatment
- Cancer of the liver.
- No treatment, vaccine, available also transmitted by blood transfusion.
AIDS
Causative agent HIV
Signs
Many different signs but dominated by weight less and opportunistic infections.
Complication and treatment
Much complication eventually leading to death i.e. no cure
CLAMIDIASIS
Causative agent
Chlamydia trichomatis (virus)
- Very common in adolescence
- Pain when passing urine
- Discharge and abdominal pain
Complication and treatment
- Damage to fallopian duct
- Inflation and sterility in both male and female
- Treatment doxycycline
Cause by human popilloma virus
Signs and symptoms
- Marks around genital area
- Invasion of the neck of the womb.
Complication and treatment
Cancer of neck of the womb
Treatment is very difficult burning the wart with podophilingetc
Relationship between STDS and HIV AIDS
- Both are sexually transmitted
- Both don’t have cure
- Both require psychotherapy (counseling) for individual to cope with them.
- In all of them individual s experience stigmatization
- In both of them the victim should always be educated on ways of avoiding re infection for it will worsen the situation
Clinical staging of HIV / aids
Clinically HIV/ AIDS infection has been categorized into five stages
- Transmission stage
- Primary infection
- Asymptomatic phase.
- Intermediate / asymptomatic stage
- Advance disease
Transmission stage
Transmission of HIV/ AIDS with the 1st stage without, with non of the subsequent stage can occur
- Basically HIV virus is transmitted through contact with body fluids e.g sexual intercourse. accounting 80% of HIV transmission intravenous drug use 10% unscreened blood transfusion accounting 5% of HIV transmission and exposure to contaminated instrument accounting 1% e.g. needle . Mother to child transmission accounting 10% of HIV transmission.
- Primary injection. The symptoms of injection occur normally 2-6 weeks after exposure to the virus. In 50-80% of patient the symptom are normally mild and patient might dismiss them as mild through symptoms. this might be accompanied by swelling of the glands , sore throats which may persist up to 14 days .CD4 will decline as immune system come into attack from the virus but will recover as the immune system land to fight injection through production of antibodies.
Antibodies may become detectable 10-14 days after the onset of symptoms however depending on the sensitivity of the test and level of A HIV test may still be negative once natural viral suppression due to immune function occur the level of virus reaches a plateau 3-6 months after the injection has taken place.
Its during zero conversion that the patient is tightly infectious and transmission of virus is very likely while viral level remains high in the body fluids.
The plateau in the viral level is called viral sets.
Point and may indicate this rate of viral replication e.g. disease progression is likely to be faster in those in those with high viral subsequent.
ASSYMPTOMATIC PHASE
During the phase the patient remain asymptomatic (no signs of HIV / aids) although enlarged gland may characterize the phase with minor complication which the patients ignore as not no medical attention . Oral lesion may be represented as ulcers and the patients may have increased sinuses and other respiratory tract.
Many patients may take this normal cause infection if they are unaware of their status and treat with over the counter medicine.
SYMPTOMATIC STAGE
Here cd4 count has fallen below 500 and remain above 200. Patients begin manifesting symptom of HIV / aids and may develop a risk of bacteria pneumonias or, pulmonary TB. Also during this stage mouth infection may also show itself as oral thrush an d oral leukoplakia.
ADVANCED DISEASE
During this stage the cd4 counts fails below 200 patients may develop a variety of opportunistic infection of which include
- Non – pulmonary TB
- Pneumocytic pneumonia and may be accompanied by weight loss , fatigue and extreme headache and the patient may sometime become bad ridden . As the CD4 count drop below 50. The condition?
