4.15.2 Agriculture Paper 2 (443/2)
SECTION A (30 marks)
1 . Wool;
Meat;
2 x ½
2. Place salt on tongue;
Pour cold water on head and chest to activate the nerves;
Clear the mucus from the nostrils;
Hold upside down using hind legs and swing the calf.
Smack the ribs.
2 X ½
3. (a) One that requires two hosts to complete its life cycle.
(b) Red legged tick/Rhipicephalus everts;
Brown tick/Rhipicephalus bursa;
African bont-legged tick/Hyalomma truncatum;
The large bont-legged tick/Hyalomma rufipes;
2 x ½
4. High initial construction cost (high capital);
Dangerous for young and pregnant animals and the sick;
Requires a lot of water;
Poisoning by swallowed dip wash;
4 x ½
5. (a) (i) Cutting PVC pipes;
(ii) Wire strainer – to tighten wires during fencing;
(b) Cross-cut saw;
Spoke shave;
Wood rasp;
Mallet (to drive in wood and for hammering wood);
4 x ½
(c) (i) Canular
(ii) Bit
6. Vaginitis eg. Bovine Trichomoniasis.
Brucellosis (contagious abortion/Bang’s disease
Vibriosis
2 x 1/2
7. Acaricide resistance
High Cost of acaricide
Communal rearing practices
Lack of skills and knowledge in control of external parasite. Some are highly mobile/high mobility eg tsetse flies.
3 X ½
8.Long body
Black in colour
Drooping ears
Is hardy;
4 x ½
9.Chick mash;
Growers mash;
Layers mash;
Broiler staner;
Broiler follow-on;
Broiler finisher;
4 x ½
10.Injection
Oral (through the mouth)
Nasal (through nose)
Occular (through the eye)
cloacal
4 x ½
ll.(a) ECF/Theileriosis
Anaplasmosis/Gall stones
Coccidiosis
Trypanosomiasis/Nagana
Red Water/Babesiosis
3 x ½
(b) Fever
Starring coat
Discharges in the mouth and nose
Watery eyes/lacrimation
Diarrhoea and dysentry
Red mucal membranes With ulcers
Tooth grinding
Emaciation
Dullness
Loss of appetite/anorexia
4 x ½
12. Unblocking blocked nozzles
Replacing water in the tank
Tightening loose nuts/bolts
Repairing damaged floor
Sump should be cleaned regularly by removing all the sediments
Broken rails should be replaced
4 x ½
13. (a) Increase production
Protection against diseases
Reproduction
Maintenance
Increase quality of products.
4 x ½
(b) Cleaning feeders
Cleaning waterers
Provide fresh Water
Provide fresh feeds
Provide adequate waterers
Provide adequate feeders
Provide clean water
Provide clean feeds
4 x ½
14. Manage market weight
Determine birth weight
Determine growth rate
Manage feeding
Determine weaning stage
Determine mothering ability
4 x ½
SECTION B (20 marks)
15. (a) Fold/Ark;
(b) Wood;
Plastic;
Thatch;
2 x 1
(c) Labour intensive;
Accommodates few birds;
Results in dirty eggs;
Difficult to keep individual egg production records;
Breakage/damage due to frequent movement;
3 x 1
16. (a) Fascioliasis;
(b) Fasciola hepatica;
(c) Control the secondary host/snail;
Drenching using antihelmintics;
Burning pastures;
Avoid grazing in marshy areas;
2 X 1
(d) Damaged liver/organs;
Presence of the parasite;
Turnels of parasite movements;
2 x 1
17. (a) A New Zealand White/Kenya White;(l mark)
B California White;(l mark)
(b) Watering;(1 mark)
(c) Droppings and urine fall to keep the floor dry;(1 mark)
18. (a) Manganese(1 mark)
(b) (i) Reduced hatchability
(ii) Reduced shell thickness/ soft shelled eggs
(iii) Reduced appetite
(iv) Reduced growth rate
(v) Low production
(vi) Egg eating.
(vii) Loss of feathers(3 marks)
SECTION C (40 marks)
19. (a) Select a high grade pure breed bull; and a Well managed low grade heifer; Mate them to produce a heifer with half of the sire’s genes; Mate the heifer with a sire of the same pure breed as original sire; Subsequent; heifers should be mated with sires of the same pure breed as original sire; up to the sixth cross/generation; to produce a hygrade heifer with over 98% genes of the pure breed high grade bull;
or
(8 marks)
(b) Overcrowded housing;
Fighting/pecking;
Lack of adequate clean water which impairs egg development;
Parasite infestation;
Inadequate feeding;
Old age;
Broodiness;
Inadequate Waterers/feeders;
Inferior feeds;
Egg eating;
Inadequate laying nests;
Presence of predators/strangers;
Sudden change of feeds;
Sudden noise;
Sudden change of weather to cold conditions;
Disease infection;
12 x 1 (12 marks)
20. (a) In the first week, the calf should be fed on colostrum ad libitum;
In the second and third weeks; it is fed on 3.5; and 4.0kg; of whole milk per day respectively;
From the fourth week; whole milk is gradually replaced with a mixture of whole and skim milk.
The milk should be at body temperature;
Calf pellets/pencils should be introduced gradually from the third week;
Green fodder should be gradually introduced from the third week;
milk should be divided initially into three equal parts and finally into two equal parts;
The amount of whole milk fed should be reduced as the calf grows;
Skim milk should be increased as whole milk reduces;
From the 7″‘ week the calf is not fed on whole milk;
Concentrates should be increased as the calf copes with bulky solid feeds;
At the 16″‘ week the calf can be fully introduced to forage crops;
12 x 1 (12 marks)
(b) Liming the pond;
Inlet channel or pipe should be opened so that fresh water fills the pond slowly;
Add manure or fertiliser to encourage growth of planktons;
Fish is introduced after about 2- 4 Weeks when planktons and other water plants have grown;
Fingerlings are obtained from recognised hatcheries; and transported with care in a water medium; using a plastic container at about 10 degrees celcius;
The fingerlings are then introduced to the water during the day when the water temperature is almost the same as that of the container they were transported in;
Lower the container into the pond and let it stay for sometime for acclimatisation;
Allow the fingerlings to swim out of the container;
Stock at an average rate of 5-10 fingerlings for Sm”
Feed the fingerlings;
8 x 1 (8 marks)
24. (a) (i) The engine should be checked daily by use of dip stick and oil level maintained;
The fuel level should be checked at the start of everyday’s work and added if necessary;
Water level in the radiator should be inspected and if low topped up;
The level of electrolyte should be checked daily and topped up with distilled water if low;
The nuts and bolts should be tightened every day;
Grease should be applied regularly to the moving parts;
Large sediments from the sediment bowl should be removed;
Tyre pressure should be checked every morning before the day‘s work and adjusted accordingly;
The fan-belt tension should be checked to ensure that it deflects between 1.9 cm – 2.5 cm when pushed;
The brake shaft bearing should be greased and break fluid level maintained;
Lost bolts and nuts are replaced.
10 x 1 (10 marks)
(ii) Moving parts should be oiled/ greased regularly to reduce friction (tear and wear);
The yoke should be properly maintained eg. repair when worn out, replaced if not repairable, properly padded;
Tyre pressure should be checked daily before the start of work;
Broken trailer bodies should be repaired;
Loose nuts and bolts should be tightened;
Paint it if to be stored for long to avoid rusting;
Clean after use;
Store under shed;
Replace lost nuts and bolts;
5 x 1 (5 marks)
(b) By checking the appetite and feeding – if low or excessive it indicates that the goat is sick
Defaecation – inconsistency in texture, colour, smell, frequency and posture, presence of arasite segments, egg, larvae or blood
Urination – irregular posture, colour and and frequency;
Change in temperature above or below the normal range;
Respiratory rate – irregular respiration shown by non-rhythmic inspiration and expiration indicates ill health.
Pulse rate – Abnormal pulse rate under normal physiological status indicates ill- health.
Production level – Loss of weight, emaciation and reduced production rate. Abnormal discharges
Posture – while standing or lying.
Behaviour eg. abnormal sound, aggression, excitement.
Appearance – eg. dullness, restlessness, pot belly, bloated.
Movement eg. gait, eg, standing or limping when walking.
Mucuors membranes (abnormal) eg. bright red colour, yellowish, blueish depending on disease.
Skin/animal coat – (abnormal) starring hair, coat, sores/wounds on skin. 5 x 1 (5 marks)
