UNIVERSITY EXAMINATIONS: 2015/2016
EXAMINATION FOR THE DIPLOMA IN NETWORK FORENSICS
DNF 402 ADVANCED ROUTING
DATE: AUGUST 2016 TIME: 1½HOURS
INSTRUCTIONS: Answer Any THREE Questions.
QUESTION ONE
a) Discuss why BGP is used as the Routing Protocol of choice (6 Marks)
b) You have been provided the network address 192.168.100.0/26. (8 Marks)
i) How many subnets are available?
ii) How many hosts are there per subnet?
iii) What are the valid subnets?
iv) What are the broadcast addresses for each subnet?
c) Discuss the functions of the following Network troubleshooting utilities
i) ping
ii) nslookup
iii) ifconfig (6 Marks)
QUESTION TWO
a) The following is a traceroute output to www.example.com.
C:\>tracert www.example.com
Tracing route to example.com [10.10.242.22]
over a maximum of 30 hops:
1 <1 ms <1 ms <1 ms 172.16.10.2
2 * * * Request timed out.
3 2 ms 2 ms 2 ms vbchtmnas9k02-t0-4-0-1.coxfiber.net [216.54.0.29]
4 12 ms 13 ms 3 ms 68.10.8.229
2
5 7 ms 7 ms 7 ms chndbbr01-pos0202.rd.ph.cox.net [68.1.0.242]
6 10 ms 8 ms 9 ms ip10-167-150-2.at.at.cox.net [70.167.150.2]
7 10 ms 9 ms 10 ms 100ge7-1.core1.nyc4.he.net [184.105.223.166]
8 72 ms 84 ms 74 ms 10gr10-3.core1.lax1.he.net [72.52.92.226]
9 76 ms 76 ms 90 ms 10g1-3.core1.lax2.he.net [72.52.92.122]
10 81 ms 74 ms 74 ms 205.134.225.38
11 72 ms 71 ms 72 ms www.inmotionhosting.com [192.145.237.216]
(i) Explain the term Round Trip Time (RTT) and why the traceroute output has 3 columns of RTT.
(4 Marks)
(ii) Interpret the output the highlighted line. (2 Marks)
(b) Interpret the following ipconfig /all output. (4 Marks)
c) Discuss FIVE advantages of using IPV6 over IPV4. (5 Marks)
d) Highlight any THREE features of IPV6. (3 Marks)
e) Explain the function of Route Aggregation. (2 Marks)
QUESTION THREE
a) Discuss any FOUR measures of High Availability (8 Marks)
b) Discuss THREE types of connectivity problems. (6 Marks)
c) Giving examples, define the following terms (6 Marks)
i) Routing
ii) Gateway
iii) Intermediate Nodes
QUESTION FOUR
a) Discuss any FIVE causes of unplanned downtime (10 Marks)
b) What is the Prefix CIDR Format equivalent of 255.255.240.0? (1 Mark)
c) Discuss how Overloading NAT with Port Address Translation (PAT) works. (3 Marks)
d) Discuss THREE WAN connection types. (6 Marks)
QUESTION FIVE
a) Explain the FOUR competing characteristics that QoS defines in ensuring the quality of data
transfer in a Network. (8 Marks)
b) You have an IP of 156.233.42.56 with a subnet mask of 7 bits. How many hosts and subnets are
possible assuming that subnet 0 is not used? (3 Marks)
c) Discuss TWO main goals of CIDR. (4 Marks)
d) Discuss TWO types of NAT (2 Marks)
e) Identify any THREE layer 2 encapsulation types that would be used on a WAN rather than a LAN
(3 Marks)
