Month: February 2021

Leadership A key role of management is to direct and motivate employees to work productively, in order to achieve the organisational objectives that have been set for them. While organisations traditionally focused on directing employees in a top down hierarchical Read More …

NATURE OF ORGANISING The organisation of a firm is closely linked to the planning process; it creates the structure in which the firm fits its strategy. The organisational structure is one of the tools that management uses to get work Read More …

 ROLE OF PLANNING In Chapter 1, the four basic functions of management process were identified as planning, organising, leading and controlling. It could be argued that planning is the most important of these functions as everything else flows from it. Read More …

 INTRODUCTION TO HISTORY OF MANAGEMENT Management may only have been a field of study for the last 100 years, but management principles have guided how work has been done for over 5,000 years. From the ancient Egyptians, Greeks, Chinese and Read More …

 MANAGEMENT – DEFINITION Management is the process of achieving organisational objectives by working with and through others in an ever-changing environment. Fayol (1916) wrote that all managers perform five main management functions: Planning: Planning is an activity which involves making Read More …

INTRODUCTION You may be expected to write briefly on a number of topics, as part of one of the questions.   This is an opportunity to gain some very valuable marks for a small amount of effort.  There is a limited Read More …

INTRODUCTION Foreign currencies have a habit of changing relative to the domestic currency and therefore add risk to dealing with foreign countries as sales markets or sources of supplies. Foreign companies also can be a source of capital to facilitate Read More …

INTRODUCTION There are many reasons why companies prepare Business Plans.  One of the most common reasons is where the promoters of the company are intending to raise finance and a detailed Business Plan is required for  presentation to potential investors. Read More …

INTRODUCTION The Capital Asset Pricing Model (CAPM) is an extension of Portfolio Theory, which is concerned with the risk and return of portfolios and the process by which risk can be reduced by efficient diversification.  The CAPM assumes that all Read More …

INTRODUCTION A portfolio is a collection of different investments which comprise an investor’s total investments.  For example, a property investor’s portfolio may consist of many investment properties in different locations and which are used for varied purposes.  Other examples of Read More …