English Paper 2 (101/2)
Probably 800,000 years ago/ some human species may have made occasional use of fire as early as 800,000 years ago.
(b) Sample response:
Humans used fire for light and warmth. They also used it as a weapon against dangerous animals. They burnt the impossible thickets and turned them into grasslands, thereby creating a habitat for animals.
And after burning their neighbourhoods, enterprising humans were able to harvest roasted animals, nuts, and tubers for food. (50 words)
Marking instructions
• Allow up to 60 words
• If in note form penalize by 50% at each point and affix capital N on the penalized point
• Penalize by a glimmer for faulty expression once in a sentence Any 5 points = 5 marks
(c • Humans could now digest foods which they couldn’t in their natural form.
• Cooking killed germs and parasites.
• Cooked food was easier to chew.
• Cooked food took a shorter time to digest.
• Cooked food enabled humans to develop jumbo brains. (Expect 4 points 1 mark each =4 marks)
(d) Because cooked food was easier to digest, humans evolved shorter intestines. The energy the long intestines would have required was diverted to the brains. So, humans developed large brains which consumed the surplus energy. (Cause effect should come out clearly= 3 marks)
(e) The main point of this passage is to show the revolutionary importance of fire, (1 mark) and how, by facilitating the cooking of food, it led to the growth of a bigger and more inventive brain. (1 mark)
(i) dependable — reliable/ steady/ stable
(ii) entrepreneurs — business people/ business – minded people
(iii) advent — coming / appearance/ arrival / introduction / onset
(iv) inadvertently — acGidenta11y / unintentionally / by chance (1 mark each =4 marks)
2 (a) • Krogstad has just been pleading with Nora to put in a kind word for him to her husband.
• Nora refuses to help him.
• Krogstad threatens to expose her if she does not help him retain the position at the bank.
• He reveals she forged her father’s signature in the promissory note which is a criminal of- fence.
• Krogstad has just left and Nora is recovering from the encounter.
• She busies herself with decorating the Christmas tree.
• Helmer is curious to see the surprise Nora has for him.
(b) The Christmas tree symbolizes Nora’s efforts in taking care of her family. It also symbolizes the Christmas season. Christmas symbolizes rebirth and happiness and a time for family reunions and giving of gifts. (3 marks)
(G) Character of Helmer:
• Patronizing — treats Nora with condescension “My Little Songbird”.
• Perceptive — he correctly guesses why Krogstad was in the house.
• Loving/ romantic/ affectionate — puts his arm round Nora’s waist.
• Forgiving — forgives Nora for lying to him. (Any two well-illustrated points, 2 x 2 = 4 marks)
• The children are used to reinforce the idea of family. They are also used to bring comic relief/relieve tension in the play.
• They bring out Nora as loving/ motherly. (Expect the 2 points)
• Monologue — Nora speaks to herself; ‘a candle here — flowers here…’
• Imagery — ‘A songbird must have a clean beak to chirp with — no false notes.’
• Symbolism — The Christmas tree is symbolic of the season in which the play is set.
• Irony- Nora lies to Helmer that no one had been to the house, yet Helmer had seen Krogstad leave.
• Dramatic pauses- a candle here –? No, No– (Any two illustrated points, 2 x 2 = 4 marks)
• Morality —A songbird must have a clean beak to chirp with. A parent has an obligation to uphold morality for the sake of bringing up their children with expected standards of morality.
• Family love — Nora loves her husband and her children. She refers to her children fondly. She says, “I will do anything I can to please Torvald.”
• Helmer loves Nora. He holds her waist.
Deceit/falsehood/Hypocrisy/Secrecy -Nora keeps concealing information from Helmer. Damage (Any two illustrated points, 2 x 2 = 4 marks)
(g) Under no circumstances should you tell anyone about the stranger man. (1 mark)
• Critical — the playwright presents Nora in an ironic light. Critical — of Nora’s puny at- tempt to conceal information about Krogstad.
• Satirical — We laugh at Nora’s attempt to conceal what Helmer has seen. (Any 1 one well illustrated point- 1 mark for identification, 2 marks for illustration)
3 (a) The father prepares his sons by giving them sound advice and giving them gifts. The gifts are modest but he told them that if they used them creatively, they would prosper/ (2 marks)
(b) The first son was almost despairing because for quite a long time, his efforts proved futile. (1 mark) No one seemed to need the services of a cock. (1 mark).
(c) • The first son is very persuasive. He describes the cock in glowing terms, even exag-gerating its worth.
• Also, he is relentless as he manages to convince the islanders that the wisest decision they could make is to buy the cock and they concur.
• He is enterprising-makes good business with the cock. (Any 1 well explained point = 2 marks)
(d) The islanders were so fascinated by the new creature that they stayed awake all night to confirm the first son’s claims.
The islanders also put a high premium on the ability to tell what time it was and when the weather was going to change.
They were wealthy, they could pay as much gold as an ass could carry. They believed in justice- they accepted the price as fair. Any one well explained point = 3 marks
(e) The islanders were willing to give the first son as much gold as an ass could carry. In fact, they thought the price was very fair.They stayed awake the whole night. (3 marks)
• The first son’s success inspired his brothers.
• They ventured out and exhibited the same determination as their brother.
• They refused to give up even when the situation seemed hopeless. Eventually, they achieved even more success than their elder brother. (Any 2 points =2 marks)
(g) The metaphor means that the cat had at last discovered a place where he would feast on mice. There would be no shortage of what he liked best — mice. (2 marks)
• From this story, we learn that what matters is not how much inheritance you get, but what you do with it.
• If we are creative and persistent, we can succeed against great odds. Indeed, it is naive to despise humble beginnings.
• The most ordinary things could be the key to opportunities and fortunes we never dreamt of.
• Patience pays.
• We should obey our parents. (2 marks each for any two well brought out lessons,)
4 (a) (i) Juma told Ali, “I lack self-confidence.”
(ii) Using a telescope, I saw a monkey.
I Saw a monkey which had a telescope.
(iii) Use one eye to look at that cow.
Look at that cow Which has one eye. (1 mark each=3 marks)
(b) (i) adopt
(ii) Principal
(iii) living (1 mark each=3 marks)
(c) (i) to
(ii) on/for
(iii) for (1 mark each=3 marks)
(d) (i) nevertheless
(ii) consequently
(iii) however (1 mark each=3 marks)
(e) (i) sent
(ii) build
(iii) hang (1 mark each=3 marks)
