2016 Business Studies Paper 2
Questions and Answers
No. la. Explain five factors that may promote entrepreneurship in Kenya. (10 marks)
❖ Government support/ favourable government policies/ funding regulation (of business activities) may encourage the emergence expansion of business venture.
❖ Training/ in education entrepreneurship/ trainees are equipped with skills/ knowledge to undertake entrepreneurial activities to start businesses.
❖ Entrepreneurial culture/ cultural practices that encourage entrepreneurship through early exposure to business activities opportunities/ positive attitude towards business.
❖ Presence of role model interaction with successful business people who may inspire/ create interest in entrepreneurship/ business ownership.
❖ Availability of capital/ loans/ credit facilities for start expanding a business (may facilitate entrepreneurship).
❖ Political stability/ non political interference that creates a confused environment for starting/ running expanding business.
❖ Availability of market/ market information.
❖ Availability of security- that ensure safety of businesses/ property/ business owners.
❖ Healthy/ fair competition that business owners can withstand/be safe with.
❖ Good government that ensures accountability in conducting business activities.
❖ Availability of technology that can lead to the production of desired quality/ quantity of goods/ services.
❖ Employment creation for self/ others.
❖ Independence/ needs to earn an income/ livelihood.
No. lb.Explain five circumstances under which a partnership may be dissolved. (10 marks)
❖ Temporary partnership/ (/ expiry of time / accomplishment of purpose /where the partnership was formed for a definite time /for a particular purpose)hence the expiry of time / accomplishment of purpose terminates the partnership
❖ Mutual / voluntary agreement among partners / where the partners agree among themselves(to terminate the partnership), when they may have no alternative for whatever reason.
❖ Bankruptcy/ insanity of a partner where (a court declares) the value of one of the partner’s property insufficient to settle his or her debt. /due to loss of contractual capacity.
❖ Change in law/ government policy that makes the operation of the partnership illegal.
❖ Permanent inability of a partner to perform /fulfill part of the partnership agreement either as a result of diseases / ill health / incapacitation.
❖ Internal dissension /disagreement among partners /disagree irreconcilably then the partnership may be terminated.
❖ Persistent losses in operation / where the business has continued to operate at a loss then it is terminated hence making it difficult to meet its financial obligations.
❖ Court orders (where the partnership was formed under) due to fraud / mistake / misrepresentation / breach of law /partnership agreement court of law may order it dissolution.
❖ Request by one /some partners to dissolve the partnership hence having to abide by their wish /granting their wish.
❖ Withdrawal /admission of a partner which changes the status of the partnership.
❖ Death of a partner which alters the composition of a partnership / which may necessitate a new agreement /arrangement.
No.2a-Explain five advantages of government involvement in business. (10 marks)
❖ Provision of essential services / goods for fair / reasonable prices / affordable.
❖ Provision of large capital investment / undertake ventures that require large sums – which private sectors may not be able to raise / without which development would be minimal.
❖ Protection of citizens / to protect citizens from exploitation / malpractices by business.
❖ Stimulation of economic development by developing social amenities / infrastructure / roads / injecting funds into the economy / through development projects.
❖ Creation of employment / to create jobs (for its citizens) to earn a living / improve starndards of liing.
❖ Income generation / to generate government revenue through taxation / activities.
❖ Stabilization of the economy – through regulation / market intervention.
❖ Promote equity / fairness in distribution of resources
❖ Control use of resources – through conservation / legislative measures / ensure their sustainability.
❖ Maintenance of law / order – which allows for smooth operations (of country’s affairs).
❖ Promotion of best practices through encouraging adoption of ICT / good governance / social programmes / inclusivity.
❖ Promoting a country’s identity / image – through cultural programmes / branding initiatives / participation in international competition / fairs.
❖ Reduce foreign dominance / promote a country’s sovereignty by regulating foreign participation / encouraging local participation in the economy.
❖ Promotion of entrepreneurship cultures by encouraging business ownership / training / funding businesses.
❖ Promotes investment in the country by creating enabling environment.
No.2b.Traders are required to observe ethical practices when carrying out product promotion. Explain five reasons for observing such ethical practices.(10 mrk)
❖ To ensure fair competition.
❖ To protect consumers/ customers.
❖ To protect the environment.
❖ To protect the rights of employees.
❖ To promote social responsibility.
❖ To maintain a positive image.
❖ To abide by the country’s laws,
❖ To maintain suppliers.
❖ To promote positive cultural practices.
No.3a.Explain five methods of determining the price of a product other than price control (10 marks)
❖ Bargaining / Haggling – terms of exchange is negotiated / argued / debated between buyers and sellers.
❖ Demand and supply / price mechanism interactions between forces of demand and supply.
❖ Auction – prices determined by the highest bidder.
❖ Tendering – Prices determined by the (lowest) bidder who meets the required specifications.
❖ Retail price maintenance / recommended retail price / products price fixing / price fixing where producers / manufacturers agree on the price of commodities.
❖ (Price) collusion – where different market players such as buyers / sellers conspire to fix the price.
❖ Taxation / subsidy – which will influence the selling / buying price.
❖ Private treaty – a sale of property at a price agreed on by the seller and buyer without an intervening agency.
No.3b .Explain five benefits that may be realised by a country as a result of government policy to relocate industries to rural areas ( 10 marks)
❖ Increased availability of variety of goods and services as a result of new businesses in the area,
❖ Availability of auxiliary services – citizens would enjoy more and better auxiliary services like transport,
❖ Increased job opportunities – there will be more jobs available that would reduce unemployment,
❖ Increased utilization of locally available resources – locally available factors of production will be used and the citizens would earn rewards associated with them,
❖ Improved standard of living as development of the rural areas increases the quality and variety of goods and services,
❖ Reduced congestion in towns – this would benefit the few citizens remaining in the city,
❖ Balanced economic development as economic activities are spread throughout the country.
❖ Transfer of technology to rural areas which leads to production of better quality goods/ services,
❖ Creation of market for goods/ services produced in rural areas.
No.4a.On 1st January 2015, Ndovu Traders had Ksh 30,000 in cash and Ksh 75,000 at the bank.
No.4b .The following balances were extracted from the books of Rehema Traders on 1st January 2015.
Ksh
Capital 600,000
Creditors 180,000
Motor van 200,000
Furniture 200,000
Stock 60,000
Debtors 80,000
Cash 240,000
The following transactions took place during the year ended 31st December 2015:
(i) Sold furniture worth Ksh 60,000 for which Ksh 40,000 cash was received and the balance was due at the end of the year.
(ii) Purchased goods worth Ksh 100,000 for which cash of Ksh 70,000 was paid and the balance was still outstanding at the end of the year.
(iii) Cash Ksh 10,000 was taken from the business by the proprietor to settle the spouse’s hospital bill.
Required:
Outline the effect of each transaction on the items of the balance sheet.(8 marks)
No.5a ..Explain five guidelines that may be used by the government of a country to promote efficient use of her resources. (10 marks)
❖ Maximum social benefit/ optimal benefit. Government spending should benefit as many people as possible.
❖ Flexibility. Should be elastic enough to accommodate changing circumstances.
❖ Economy. Should be capable of being changed to accommodate prevailing economic circumstances.
❖ Equity. Should aim at distributing incomes fairly.
❖ Sanction. Government spending must be approved by the relevant authority to enhance accountability.
❖ Accounting. Proper accounting records should be kept to facilitate good financial management.
❖ Productivity. A larger proportion of the national income should be spent on development projects.
❖ Surplus. Expenditure should be less than the total revenue collected.
❖ Elasticity – should be capable to being expanded/ contracted depending on the size of the economy.
No.5b. Explain five disadvantages that a country may face if she restricted trade with other countries. (10 marks)
❖ Reduced competition – leading to low quality goods/ services
❖ Reduced/ low consumer goods – trade restriction reduces the availability of goods/ services available to consumer leading to low state of living.
❖ Retaliation/ trading partners are likely to retaliate – leading to loss of business (between two involved/ reduced export/ imports)
❖ Reduced/ low investment – due to limited trading opportunities
❖ Reduced limited market – hence under exploitation of available resources/ reduced production capacity.
❖ Inappropriate allocation of resources – It may force the use her resources in areas where she has no comparative interest/ not best suited in.
❖ Cost to the government – (This may happen) if measures are used (to enhance restriction /by encouraging import substitution) meet part of the costs.
❖ Reduced/ loss of government revenue earned from import/ export services not exported.
❖ Leads to increased unemployment due to reduced trading activities.
❖ Poor international relations which may lead to conflicts/ friction, among countries/ may not get assistance in times of calamities.
❖ Curtailed transfer of technology/ factors of production that may lead to poor quality goods low quantity of products.
❖ Reduced/ limited supply of goods/ services which may adversely affect consumers (access /examples of adverse effect as explanation)
❖ Encourages smuggling/ black marketing leading to loss of revenue/ entry of counterfeit goods/ services.
No.6a. On 1st September 2015, Gondi had Ksh 55,000 in hand and Ksh 250,000 at bank. During the month, the following transactions took place:
September 2 Cash sales banked Ksh 35,260
3 Bought ribbons in cash Ksh 4,500
8 Paid Wangila, a creditor Ksh 94,000 by cheque in full settlement of his account after deducting 6% cash discount
12 Received a cheque for Ksh 58,800 from Wetu after allowing her a cash discount of Ksh 1,200
15 Paid salaries Ksh 34,000 in cash
25 Withdrew Ksh 50,000 from bank for office use
28 Anyango, a debtor paid her account of Ksh 75,000 by cheque less 10% – cash discount
30 Deposited all the cash into bank except Ksh 13,700 Required:
Prepare a three column cash book and balance it off. (10 marks)
No.6b .. Outline five reasons that may influence the government to start a parastatal. (10 marks)
❖ To provide strategic goods and services.
❖ To increase revenue collection.
❖ To encourage import substitution industries/ to discourage importation.
❖ To encourage foreign investment.
❖ To reduce foreign influence.
❖ To address special social needs.
❖ To take care of sensitive ventures.
❖ To take care of business that requires a large initial capital.
❖ To create employment.
❖ To provide goods & services all over the country.
❖ To stimulate economic development.
❖ To provide essential goods and services at low cost.
❖ To promote competition with private sector in security.
❖ To provide goods and services with low returns (low profits).
❖ To regulate business activities.
