SECTION A (30 marks)
1. Maintenance practices for a disc plough.
~ cleaning after use
– painting the frame
‘ greasing the moving parts.
‘ repair/replace broken/worn out parts.
‘ oiling the metal parts on long storage.
‘ proper storage.
2. Selection of breeding stock.
– Progeny testing.
~ Mass selection.
‘ Contemporary comparison.
3. Advantages of using animal power.
I Animals are cheap to acquire.
– Require less skilled labour.
‘ Can be used on small holdings.
– Are appropriate in very steep areas.
4. (a) Blue ticks – Anaplasmosis.
(b) Brown ear ticks – E.C.F
(c) Tsetse flies – Trypanosomiasis (nagana)
5. Control methods for roundworms.
‘Use of antihelmintics/drenching ‘Proper disposal of faeces/hygiene
‘Rotational grazing ‘Ploughing/burning of pasture.
6. (a) Disease: Any deviation or alteration in the state of animal body or its organs which interferes with proper performance of its functions.
(b) Vaccination: Is the administration of a weakened or killed disease causing agent into the animal to induce production antibodies for immunity against the disease.
7. Maintenance practices for a battery.
‘ Topping with distilled water to maintain correct level of electrolyte.
– Cleaning the terminals and smearing them with grease to prevent corrosion.
~ Tightly fix the battery in a box to prevent spillage and damages.
– Regular charging.
– Empty contents and turn it upside down on long storage.
‘ Should be fitted correctly on the tractor.
8. Breed (a) Aberdeen (b) Guernsey (c) Sahiwal (d) Red poll 9. Proper nutrition
‘ Prevents nutrient deficiency diseases.
~ Ensures resistance against disease infection.
10. Categories of livestock diseases
– Bacterial
– Protozoan
‘ Viral
‘ Nutritional
11. – Upgrading.
‘ Cross breeding.
12. Bloodless castration methods.
‘ Use of rubber ring and elastrator.
~ Use of burdizzo.
13. (a) recessive gene: An allele whose phenotypic expression is masked by a dominant allele in heterozygous condition.
(b) Epistasis: Gene interaction in which the expression of some alleles is blocked
14. Signs of kindling
‘ Nest building
~ Plucking of fur from the belly.
– Lose of appetite
– Restlessness.
15. Developmental stages of liver flukes in a fresh water snail.
‘ Sporocyst.
‘ Cercaria
‘ Redia.
16. Four strokes of a tractor engine.
‘ induction/inlet
~ compression
~ power
‘ exhaust/outlet
17. Signs of mite attack in poultry.
~ Irritation] scratching g of the body.
– Anemia.
~ Presence of mites below the plumage in patches.
– Falling off of feathers.
‘ Dermatitis due to burrowing effects.
~ Formation of crusts.
18. Advantages of natural feeding in calf rearing.
‘ Calf takes milk at body temperature.
‘ Milk is free from contamination
‘ It prevents scouring in calves.
‘ Milk is provided ad libitum.
