MAASAI MARA UNIVERSITY
REGULAR UNIVERSITY EXAMINATIONS
2015/2016 ACADEMIC YEAR
FIRST YEAR FIRST SEMESTER
SCHOOL OF BUSINESS AND ECONOMICS
COMMON COURSE
COURSE CODE: IRD 103
COURSE TITLE: DEVELOPMENT CONCEPTS AND APPLICATIONS
DATE: 5TH MAY 2016 TIME: 2.30- 4.30 PM
INSTRUCTIONS TO CANDIDATES
Answer Questions ONE and any other THREE
This paper consists of TWO printed pages. Please turn over.
QUESTION ONE (25 marks)
During the last decade, aid resources to the Less developing countries (LDC) have significantly increased, reaching their historical highest level in 2010. There has been a change in the development aid doctrine which has been accompanied by a greater focus on targeting re¬sources to the poorest countries. As a result, low-income countries (LICs), particularly in Sub-Saharan Africa, have become more important aid recipients, while middle-income countries (MICs) have reduced their weight in the allocation of Official Development Assistance (ODA). There has also been a change in the aid sectoral allocation, with more resources going to social sectors (like education and health), at the expense of actions directly related to the productive structure of recipient countries. Concerns about the future trend of aid demand that new financial mechanisms be employed to combat poverty and to face new global issues.
a) Define the social economic concept of development (3mks)
b) Discuss any 2 objectives of National development (4mks)
c) Describe any 4 causes of under development in poor countries (4mks)
d) Discuss 2 broad categories foreign aid (4mks)
e) Discuss any 3 strategies that poor countries can use to combat poverty (6mks)
f) What is the importance of targeting aid on social factors such as education and health? (4mks)
QUESTION TWO
Discuss the five stages of development as advocated in Linear Stages of Growth theory (15mks)
QUESTION THREE
a) Discuss any 5 limitations of using Gross Domestic Product (G.D.P) as a measure of national development. (10mks)
b) List any other 5 measures that can be used to measure development (5mks)
QUESTION FOUR
a) Discuss any 5 determinants of economic growth. (10mks)
b) Describe any 5 obstacles to national development. (5mks)
QUESTION FOUR
Discuss how investments in physical infrastructures including roads, provision of electricity and installation of irrigation facilities will promote development in the Kenya agricultural sector. (15mks)
