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TOPIC 2
OVERVIEW OF OPERATING SYSTEMS
QUESTION 1
April 2024 Question One B
Identify SIX factors to consider in the selection and acquisition of a computer operating system. (6 marks)
ANSWER
- Compatibility: Compatibility with hardware and software is a critical consideration when selecting an operating system. Users must ensure that the OS supports all necessary hardware components, such as graphics cards, sound cards, and network adapters. Additionally, users must verify that the OS is compatible with all essential software applications required for their business operations.
- Security:Security is another crucial factor in selecting an operating system. Users must consider the OS’s built-in security features, such as firewalls, antivirus software, and encryption capabilities. Additionally, users should evaluate the OS’s vulnerability to malware attacks and its ability to receive regular security updates.
- Cost:Cost is always a significant factor in any technology purchase decision. Users must consider the upfront cost of purchasing the OS license, as well as ongoing costs such as maintenance and support fees. Open-source operating systems like Linux offer a cost-effective alternative to proprietary OS options like Windows or macOS.
- Ease of Use:Ease of use is another important consideration when selecting an operating system. Users must evaluate the learning curve associated with each OS option and consider the level of technical expertise required to manage and maintain the system effectively. User-friendly interfaces and intuitive design can help reduce training time and improve overall productivity.
- Scalability:Scalability is a critical factor for organizations with growing IT needs. Users must consider whether the OS can support their current needs while also providing room for future growth without requiring frequent upgrades or replacements.
- Support:Finally, users must consider the level of support available for each OS option from both the vendor and the community at large. A robust support infrastructure can help minimize downtime and ensure that issues are resolved quickly and efficiently.
QUESTION 2
April 2024 Question Four B
Explain FOUR circumstances when batch operating system would be most appropriate. (4 marks)
ANSWER
A batch operating system is a type of operating system where jobs with similar requirements are grouped together into batches and executed simultaneously. Users do not interact directly with the computer in a batch operating system. Instead, they prepare their jobs offline using devices like punch cards and submit them to a computer operator. The operator then sorts these jobs into batches based on their similarities and processes them sequentially.
Examples of Batch Operating Systems:
- Payroll Systems
- Bank Statements
A batch operating system would be most appropriate in the following circumstances:
- Large-Scale Data Processing: Batch operating systems are ideal for handling large volumes of similar jobs efficiently. Industries that require processing a high volume of data, such as banks, airlines, and government agencies, can benefit from using batch operating systems to manage and process their data in batches without user intervention.
- Non-Interactive Processing: In situations where real-time interaction with jobs is not necessary, batch operating systems excel. Tasks that can be submitted and processed sequentially without immediate user input are well-suited for batch processing. This includes scenarios where users can afford to wait for results without needing constant monitoring or intervention.
- Resource Optimization: Batch operating systems are effective in maximizing the utilization of computing resources by scheduling and processing jobs in batches. Organizations looking to efficiently allocate CPU time, memory, and storage resources can leverage batch processing to ensure optimal resource usage and minimize idle time.
- Repetitive Background Tasks: BOS excels at automating repetitive tasks that run best outside of peak hours. For example, sending bulk emails, generating reports, or performing nightly data backups are all perfect candidates for batch processing. Queuing these jobs at night leverages idle resources and avoids disrupting daytime operations.
QUESTION 3
April 2024 Question Five B
Explain TWO reasons why a major operating system must evolve over time. (4 marks)
ANSWER
- Changing Hardware Landscape: New computer hardware with increased processing power, memory capacity, and innovative features like touchscreens or advanced graphics cards emerge constantly. Operating systems need to adapt to leverage these advancements and ensure compatibility with the latest technology.
- Evolving User Needs: As users become more tech-savvy and their demands change, operating systems need to keep pace. Features like improved multitasking, enhanced security, better mobile integration, and seamless cloud storage access become essential. Early operating systems simply wouldn’t cater to our current needs for web browsing, social media, and video conferencing.
- Security Threats: The landscape of cyber threats is constantly evolving. Operating systems need to adapt with robust security updates, improved firewalls, and built-in protection against malware and phishing attacks. Early OSes wouldn’t have the sophisticated security features needed to navigate today’s internet.
- New Software and Technologies: New software applications and technologies like artificial intelligence, virtual reality, and the Internet of Things (IoT) require compatible operating systems. Without constant evolution, these advancements wouldn’t be possible.
- Maintaining Market Relevance: In a competitive market, operating systems need to stay relevant and innovative to attract and retain users. New features, a user-friendly interface, and seamless integration with popular devices become crucial factors for users choosing one OS over another.
QUESTION 4
April 2024 Question Six A
Explain TWO reasons for multi-booting. (2 marks)
ANSWER
Reasons for multi-booting
Multi-booting, the practice of installing multiple operating systems on a single machine, offers several advantages for specific users:
- Flexibility and Compatibility: Run the OS that best suits the task. Need Windows for specific software? Boot into that. Craving the customization of Linux? Switch over. This provides unmatched flexibility for users who rely on programs with varying OS requirements.
- Cost-Effectiveness: Multi-booting eliminates the need for multiple computers dedicated to different operating systems. This saves money on hardware purchases and simplifies your workspace.
- Security and Stability: Thinking of trying a new OS? Multi-booting lets you experiment with Linux or a different Windows version without affecting your primary system. If something goes wrong, you can simply reboot back to your familiar OS.
- Performance: Running an OS directly on the hardware, rather than through a virtual machine, can provide better performance. This is especially true for older or less powerful machines where virtualization might incur resource overhead.
- Testing and Development: Software developers and system administrators often use multi-booting to test software compatibility across different operating systems. They can have multiple environments readily available on a single machine.
- Specific Needs: Power users might have specialized needs. For instance, a gamer might keep Windows for their favorite titles and Linux for development tasks. A designer might utilize macOS for creative work and Windows for specific design software.
