UNIVERSITY EXAMINATIONS: 2021/2022
EXAMINATION FOR THE DEGREE OF BACHELOR OF SCIENCE IN
INFORMATION SECURITY AND FORENSICS/ BAC
BAC 5207/ BISF 3202: INFRASTRUCTURE IN NATIONAL SECURITY
AND INTELLIGENCE
FULL TIME/ PART TIME/ DISTANCE LEARNING
DATE: DECEMBER, 2021 TIME: 2 HOURS
INSTRUCTIONS: QUESTION ONE IS COMPLUSORY, CHOOSE TWO OTHER
QUESTIONS
QUESTION ONE (20 Marks)
a) Elaborate major critical activities that bring about efficiency and effectiveness in security and
intelligence. (5 Marks)
b) Explain in detail your understanding of the intelligence lifecycle by definition. (5 Marks)
c) i) Define Intelligence. (2 Marks)
ii) Identify and explain the categories of intelligence (8 Marks)
QUESTION TWO (15 Marks)
a) Describe five factors that can motivate an individual to become radicalized and take up
terrorism. (5 Marks)
b) In critical infrastructure security, all standards organizations, regulations and
recommendations indicate that a defense-in-depth strategy should be implemented.
What is defense in depth and how does it apply to the National Critical Infrastructure security?
(5 Marks)
c) Protection of critical infrastructure against cyber-terrorism faces complex challenges among
international states and organizations. Identify and outline these challenges (5 Marks)
QUESTION THREE (15 Marks)
a) Expound on some of the key issues that are integrated in ensuring security measures work
well (6 Marks)
b) Terrorist groups are well organized. Their respective organizations and structure go through a
cycle. Outline the process (5 Marks)
c) In the diamond model, what four models are used to model an intrusion? (4 Marks)
QUESTION FOUR (15 Marks)
a) Discuss some of the reasons why threat intelligence is important to organizations and
countries (7 Marks)
b) Explanatory intelligence reports are critical in the intelligence process. Expound on them
(4 Marks)
c) From local companies to governments, every business or organization that works with
SCADA systems is vulnerable to SCADA security threats. Explain the specific threats to
SCADA networks (4 Marks)
